Takes part in normal growth and maintenance of the central nervous system. Present as a co-enzyme in energy production and the development of cartilage, in female hormones, and in interferon, the immune system's natural anti-virus and presumably anti-cancer factor. Its presence is necessary for the utilization of vitamins B, C and E. Supplements have been useful for schizophrenics and people suffering from myasthenia gravis.
Deficiency symptoms
Impaired bone growth, diabetes, hypoglucemia, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis, arteriosclerosis, heart weakening, rheumatoid arthritis, reduced growth of hair and nails, sickly red hair; deficiency can be due to a surplus of copper.
Furthermore; failing parental instinct in animals, periodical pains in the loin, and back pains - particularly in women. If the deficiency occurs while growing up it can lead to growing pains, bad bone formation and reduced growth plus delayed mental development.
Poisoning symptoms
Impaired memory, depression, apathy, weakening, impotence, sleep disturbances, temporary insanity, Parkinsonism, muscle stiffness, monotonous voice, mask-like "frozen" face. Manganese dust in the respiratory organs causes irritation and infections, headache, insomnia, enlarged liver and symptoms similar to Parkinsonism.
RDA: 3.8 mg.
Therapeutic dosage
10-20 mg. a day. In case of tardive dyskinesia: 30-60 mg. a day. Manganese should be taken for 3 - 4 months as it is quite poorly absorbed in the body.
Manganese orotate, manganese gluconate, amino acid chelations of manganese; in case of 30 to 60 mg. daily.
Richest natural sources
Chlorophyll, peas, beans, whole grain, avocado, chestnuts, almonds, coconuts, nuts, tea.
Manganese is an important co-factor in building nucleic acids (RNA, DNA, and others), the cells' core elements and components of the genetic code. Takes part in the synthesis of thyroid hormone and in co-enzymes, which transmit the metabolism of vitamins B, C and E.
The mineral participates in the formation of the glucoproteins which surround and protect the body cells. Activates glucogen from the liver.
